![]() In this same period, the region was becoming more urbanised. In other words, in just 65 years, the population of the region had almost quadrupled. Thus, by 2015, despite the level of fertility in the region falling to 2.14 per female, the population of the region had reached 632 million and 8.5% of global population. This continued growth even with declining fertility was partly because the large birth cohorts of the high fertility era produced large numbers of births despite their lower average fertility and partly because decreasing mortality meant that more and more people survived to older ages (life expectancy at birth for both sexes combined increased by more than 20 years from 51.2 years in 1950-1955 to 74.6 years in 2010-2015) and significantly more children were surviving their first year of life (infant mortality rates fell from 1 live births in 1950-1955 to live births in 2010-2015). Even so, over 30 years, population size doubled from 221 million in 1960 to 447 million in 1990, and it continued to grow, reaching 632 million in 2015 (United Nations 2017). However, by 1990-1995, total fertility in the region had fallen to 3.01 and continued to decline. Such high growth rates resulted from a combination of declining levels of mortality and high levels of fertility at almost 6 live births per female on average (Leeson 2013). Latin America and the Caribbean experienced population growth rates as high as 2.8% per annum in the early 1960s, which were the highest rates of growth in any region of the world. Population Growth Differs from Region to Region around the World ![]() In addition to being the least urbanised continents of the world, Africa and Asia are also home to almost 90% of the world’s total rural dwellers but as far as individual countries are concerned, India has the largest rural population (857 million), followed by China (635 million). This is expected to decline to 3.2 billion people by the middle of the twenty-first century. Currently, the global rural community amounts to almost 3.4 billion people. Although the share of the global population living in rural areas has declined, the absolute size of the global rural community has grown and is expected to peak in the near future (United Nations 2014). All regions of the world will continue to urbanize with the most rural regions of Africa and Asia urbanizing faster than elsewhere – their urban populations reaching 56 and 64% of their total populations, respectively, by 2050. In 2014, the most urbanized regions were North America (82% living in urban areas), Latin America and the Caribbean (80%), and Europe (73%), while Africa and Asia still just remained mostly rural, with 40 and 48% of their respective populations living in urban areas. Nor is urbanisation uniform across the world.
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